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February 2008

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Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. Releases New Off-Line Switching Regulators

Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. has released a new family of off-line switching regulators targeted at the consumer and industrial markets. Allegro’s new STR-W6250D series is composed of current-mode PWM ICs that incorporate both controller chips made by a high-voltage proprietary BCD process and avalanche-guaranteed MOSFETs. These elements allow power supply system designs that are highly reliable and simple, with fewer peripheral components. These ICs also provide auto-burst mode operation, lowering input power requirements at light loads, and improving efficiency over the entire load range and universal input range.

The STR-W6250D series is a higher-output version of our STR-A6200D series, including more functional integrations, such as: frequency jittering for EMI noise reduction, bias-assist, externally activated shutdown protection, slope compensation for continuous mode operation and AC input-independent OCP to minimize the deliverable output power dependency on the AC input. These features reduce the external component count and save space, cost and design time while improving system-level reliability.

Allegro’s new series of off-line switching regulators is priced below:

• STR-W6251D $1.56
• STR-W6252D $1.65
• STR-W6253D $1.83
• STR-W6253MD $1.83

All devices are priced in quantities of 1,000 and have a 10 to 12 week typical lead-time to market.

Bel’s newest UL/cUL 60950-1 approved series may be confidently specified for employment in a broad array of distributed power architecture applications where space is limited, and overall weight is a factor. Among the most common uses for these high power density parts are in wireless networks, optical and access networks, as well as in industrial networks and equipment. Additionally, their open-frame construction makes them well suited for convection-cooled environments.

The isolated DC-DC converters offer a full complement of control and protection features that include differential remote on/off, positive/negative remote sense, input over-/under-voltage lockout and over-temperature protection. Parts also offer output voltage trim, current limit and short circuit protection. These devices switch at a fixed frequency (285 kHz) and have an operating temperature range of –40°C to 85°C.

Pricing for the 0RQB-C0U series of DC-DC converters starts at $47.50 each in quantities of 1,000. Samples and production quantities are available from stock with lead times of up to 12 weeks.

Imation Corp., a producer in removable data storage, demonstrated a new multi-channel "adjacent-track" write and read tape technology that dramatically increases the capacity of conventional data storage tape. The company outlined its new technology at the Information Storage Industry Consortium (INSIC) Tape Program Quarterly Technical Review in San Jose, Calif.

During the INSIC Technical Review, Imation scientist Denis Langlois presented results of the company's technology development program that enables as many as 10,000 tracks per inch (10 ktpi) on conventional magnetic particulate (MP) tapes, made using conventional, low-cost substrates (base films). Langlois' presentation highlighted the new Imation technology that utilizes a combination of an amplitude-based "servo" pattern that puts the adjacent tracks on the tape, a unique thin-film head technology for recording, and an innovative multi-layer magnetoresistive (MR) array for playback.

"Data storage tape systems have increased areal density 100,000 times over the past half century," said Dr. Subodh Kulkarni, vice president, Global Commercial Business, R&D and Manufacturing, Imation Corp. "Before 1990, the increase was primarily due to improved linear density. Since then, the application of track-following servo has enabled track density to make a more dramatic contribution. To maintain backward compatibility, designers have kept tape formats similar from generation to generation by using the same servo format and channel spans on the recording and playback heads. This design philosophy results in the need to simultaneously write and read sets of tracks that are spaced apart by significant intervals, which makes the dimensional stability of the substrate materials very critical as tracks become narrower. Without a breakthrough approach to how tracks are written on the tape, conventional, low-cost, substrates are rapidly reaching their limits. Our new adjacent-track write and read technology is an important breakthrough that has demonstrated a major advance in capacity and track- following capability."

Key elements of the new Imation technology include:

• Enabling as many as 10,000 tracks per inch (10 ktpi) on conventional, low cost substrates such as PET and PEN while practically eliminating dimensional stability concerns in the media
• An Imation proprietary "sandwich" reader, which uses layers of reading devices to minimize the cross-tape spacing between them
• An Imation proprietary mixed-frequency redundant amplitude-based servo system that enables a tracking precision of 40 to 50 nm
• Demonstrated multichannel write and read, with capability to store 1.6 TB in a conventional LTO4 cartridge with excellent tracking performance

The company intends to work with others in the INSIC tape organization to explore the potential to commercialize this technology, expanding the capacities of traditional tape formats.

Register for the 2008 Magnetics Conference by February 15 th and Save $300!

This two-day conference is a leading global event within the magnetics market, bringing together worldwide magnetics experts. This is a once-a-year opportunity for professionals in the magnetics market to assemble and discuss the latest magnetics developments.

The 2008 Magnetics Conference will focus on the latest advancements in magnetic applications, technology and materials. Serving OEM developers of products that utilize magnets and magnet systems, design engineers, OEM developers involved in EMC technology and magnetic effects, magnetics manufacturers and integrators, and material suppliers in the magnetics industry.

• Register by February 15, 2008 - $695

• Register by April 4, 2008 - $795

• Register after April 4, 2008 - $995

Attend the 2008 Magnetics Conference to see industry-leading companies such as:

Advanced Magnet Lab, Alliance LLC, AR, Big Horn Valve, Inc., CMS Magnetics, Crane Aerospace & Electronics, Daido Electronics Co., Ltd., Dexter Magnetic Technologies, Electron Energy Corp., GMW Associates, Hitachi Metals, Ltd., Infolytica Corp., Magnequench International, Inc., Magnetic Power, Inc., MAGSYS magnet systems, Metrolab Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Ozenbaugh Engineering, PolarisREM, LLC, Quadrant Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, SuperPower, Inc., TarnoTek, Vector Fields Ltd., Walter T. Benecki LLC, WebMagnetics, Inc., West Coast Magnetics

Come a day early and attend one of our pre-conference workshops

Register Now!

There is a limited number of speaking spots still available at the 2008 Magnetics Conference. Submit your abstracts soon to guarentee your spot in the conference program. Abstracts must be received by February 8, 2008 for consideration and inclusion in the official conference brochure.

Full-conference registration fees will be waived for all confirmed speakers.

Visit the conference web site for abstract submission requirements and guidelines.

Contact Heather Krier at heatherk@infowebcom.com or 800-803-9488 x129 for more information.

Interested in Sponsoring or Exhibiting?

Contact Joan Nelson for more information at joann@infowebcom.com or 800-803-9488 x113.

The workshop will start with an overview of the various types of intellectual property, including patents, trademark, copyrights, trade secrets, non-competes and publishing. It will feature a detailed discussion of patents, including type of patents, what is patentable, patent laws and rules, the patenting process and patent strategy. Also covered will be the integration of the patenting process with the new product development process and discussion of critical patent strategy issues. It will conclude with a practical training session for writing technical disclosures for patenting purposes.

For more details about what attendees can expect to learn from this workshop visit http://www.magneticsmagazine.com/mag_conf08_workshops.htm#akc.

• Register before March 14, 2008 - $395 • Register after March 14, 2008 - $495

Register Now!

Visit http://www.magneticsmagazine.com/mag_conf08_workshop_reg.php/.

Medical Solutions, the MAGNETOM Verio. Combining 3 tesla strength and sensitivity with a 70-cm open bore and Tim (Total imaging matrix) technology, the MAGNETOM Verio is helping Hopkins Bayview to provide high-field imaging to many patients who previously could not benefit from the technology.

Certain patients, such as children or adults experiencing excessive pain or limited mobility, and the elderly, have had difficulty tolerating MRI exams. However, the Verio's short length along with its large bore can help reduce a patient's anxiety and discomfort. Furthermore, due to the system's wide bore and a 550-pound table-weight capacity, the MAGNETOM Verio enables clinicians to image and diagnose many obese patients, an increasingly important factor as one-in-three Americans is considered obese.

"The Verio is an exciting addition to our facility because it enables us to provide high-field imaging to new patient populations, including our bariatric patients," said Dr. Mark E. Bohlman, chairman of imaging at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. "Furthermore, the Verio is already being used to assist our clinicians in new ways, such as scanning for viable cartilage for transplant and helping create neurosurgical, pre-op planning maps."

With the strongest magnet field strength used clinically, the Verio can be used for many applications, including neurology and functional neuro evaluation, orthopedic and cartilage assessment, breast, vascular, and cardiac imaging.

"MRI is increasingly becoming the exam of choice in the US, with a 10 percent increase in MRI exams in just the past five years," said Jeffrey Bundy, vice president, Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. "Siemens' Verio is allowing healthcare providers to meet this escalating demand while, at the same time, making the experience much more comfortable for the patient."

The Verio, with the power of Tim, has up to 102 seamlessly integrated matrix coil elements and up to 32 independent radiofrequency channels, enabling advanced clinical applications. Tim allows flexible combinations of up to four different coils that make patient and coil repositioning virtually unnecessary.

Standard on the Verio are advanced syngo applications:

• BLADE, correcting for motion artifacts encountered in neuro, ortho, and abdominal procedures
• TWIST, enabling 3D MR angiography for arterial and venous phases
• SPACE, generating 3D acquisitions for complex head, spine, abdomen, pelvic, and ortho exams
• GRAPPA, identifying small renal cysts with shorter breath-holds and increased throughput  

TopSpin Medical, Inc. has completed the first commercial installation of the Cathamaran Intravascular MRI System at ZOL Hospital, Genk, Belgium, with the first procedures performed on January 16th.

"We are pleased to be the first site to install the Cathamaran IVMRI System. This 6F compatible technology represents a major breakthrough in our ability to detect and quantify lipid present in coronary lesions. We are very excited to be among the first centers to participate in the MIRACLE Study to further evaluate the clinical role for IVMRI in both diagnostic and interventional coronary catheterization procedures. The identification of high risk, lipid -rich lesions that may be prone to rupture is of paramount importance, and the IVMRI System may potentially help address this unmet need," said Dr. M. Vrolix from ZOL hospital, Belgium.

The company and the distributor are currently in advance negotiation for similar agreements with additional medical centers in the Benelux territory. The company is expecting to install additional Cathamaran Intravascular MRI systems in the Benelux territory in the course of the current quarter.

The US Consumer Product Safety Commission, in cooperation with Battat, Inc., has announced a voluntary recall of the following consumer product. Consumers should stop using recalled products immediately unless otherwise instructed.

Name of product: Battat Magnabild Magnetic Building Systems

Units: About 125,000

Distributor: Battat Inc., of Plattsburgh, N.Y.

Hazard: Small magnets inside the building pieces can fall out. Magnets found by young children can be swallowed or aspirated. If more than one magnet is swallowed, the magnets can attract each other and cause intestinal perforations or blockages, which can be fatal.

Incidents/Injuries: CPSC and Battat have received 16 reports of magnets coming out of the long flexible rods, 1-inch rods, and of the corners of square building pieces. No injuries have been reported.

Description: This recall involves the 293-piece (item number BB1502H) and the 180-piece (item number BB1431H) Magnabild Magnetic Building System sets. Both sets come in rotating display cases that contain 1-inch and 4-inch rods with magnets, curved 1-inch rods, triangle and square pieces with magnets, square-shaped plastic building pieces, triangles and 5-sided pieces, and metal balls. The pieces come in different colors. All of the plastic building pieces, except the 4-inch flexible rods, has the word "Magnabild" in raised lettering on them. The item number is found on a hangtag attached to the set. The product is designed for children older than three years.

Sold at: Various retailers nationwide and online sellers from 2005 through 2007 for between $30 and $40.

Manufactured in: China

Remedy: Consumers should immediately take the recalled Magnabild Magnetic Building System away from children and contact Battat to receive a pre-paid mailer to return the toy and to receive a free replacement product.

Consumer Contact: For additional information, contact Battat at (800) 247-6144 between 8 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. ET Monday through Friday or visit the firm's Web site at www.battatco.com

Ed Fagan, Inc. has announced a new European sales division to distribute the company's special purpose metals and alloys to the European market.

"This new European sales division will allow us to better serve our customers overseas, and help us further penetrate this well established market," said Ed Fagan, president.

In addition, Ed Fagan Inc has announced the appointment of Chris Mahn as European sales manager.

Mahn will be responsible for both selling and providing technical support for the company's line of glass-to-metal sealing, controlled expansion, electrical/electronic, refractory, and soft magnetic (non permanent magnetic) metals and alloys and other hard-to-find materials. Mahn has worked within the industry for 12 years with Datum Alloys Ltd. as sales director where he was one of the original staff members responsible for developing the Controlled Thermal Expansion alloys markets in Europe, while using Ed Fagan, Inc. as a material supplier. Most recently, he has been responsible for developing the Solder Stencil market in Europe and also working with Ed Fagan Inc to open the American Stencil market to Datum Alloys.

Calnetix Inc., a producer in high efficiency electric motors and generators, has promoted Brad Garner to President and CEO.

Garner was hired as chief operating officer (COO) of Calnetix in March of 2007. Since then, Garner has made a substantial contribution to the business and, as anticipated at the time of his hire, was promoted by the Board of Directors to the president and CEO role. Concurrent with this promotion Garner was also appointed a position on the Board as Director of Calnetix.

Vatche Artinian, the co-founder of Calnetix and former CEO, who will remain Chairman of the Board of Directors, said, "I am very pleased to have Brad step into this new position as he has been a wonderful asset to the team since day one. This move builds value in Calnetix and will allow me to focus my efforts on the growth of Calnetix's affiliated companies such as Vycon, Direct Drive Systems and TurboGenix."

As president and CEO, Garner will manage the overall performance of the company, including leading its achievement of long-term growth goals, enhancing and continuing to build an effective management team, and establishing and maintaining business relationships with key industry partners.

"I am honored to receive this professional recognition and have the opportunity to lead such a talented team of people," said Garner. "In order to continue executing the company's strategy, I have three simple objectives, and they will be my top priorities as president and CEO. We will leverage our core skills and proprietary technologies to produce new product lines that provide a strong value proposition for our customers; we will develop the necessary service and support infrastructure to launch these new product lines in expanding domestic and global markets; and we will attract, retain and develop talented employees who can contribute to our long-term growth strategy."

Magnetic Alloy with Swiss Cheese Structure Morphs Shape

Voids of space between thin, curvy struts of metal alloy give the alloy magnetic shape memory.

Researchers have turned a stubborn alloy into shape-shifting foam by just giving it a little breathing room

When exposed to a magnetic field, a single crystal of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloy will deform approximately 10 percent. The alloy then retains its new shape when the field is turned off but returns to its original shape if the field is rotated 90 degrees. That's what scientists call “magnetic shape-memory.”

But most materials are “polycrystals,” consisting of a collection of randomly oriented crystals, making a patchwork similar to marble. In polycrystals each individual grain moves in a different direction when exposed to the magnetic field, and the overall deformation is cancelled such that the alloy ends up not moving at all.

Single crystals are extremely expensive and time-consuming to make, just like single-crystalline gems, so when Dunand and Müllner met at a conference in 2006, they decided to combine Müllner's knowledge of magnetic shape-memory materials with Dunand's knowledge of metallic foam. They hoped a polycrystalline foam of the alloy, which looks like a sponge, would allow more space for individual crystals to move, retaining properties similar to a single crystal.

Boonyongmaneerat was working on a project using nickel foams to make fuel cells so the researchers decided to use his process to create the Ni-Mn-Ga foam. The researchers took powders of oxide and pushed the liquid metal alloy between the powders, creating a composite. They then removed the oxide powders from the composite with acid — leaving behind metallic foam.

That just left the burning question: Would the foam change shape?

To find out, Dunand shipped the foam to Boise State where Müllner and his student Marcus Chmielus tested the foam in a magnetic field rotation. Though it didn't move the 10 percent that a single crystal would, it did move 0.12 percent.

”It was very exciting because we went from zero to an actual value, albeit small, but comparable to the best competitor,” Dunand said.

That competitor is Terfenol D, another material that also moves magnetically under a different mechanism. That material, which has been around for a long time and is expensive to make, is already maxed out at 0.12 percent deformation.

Dunand thinks that once the Ni-Mn-Ga foam is optimized, through casting it differently or perhaps heat-treating it differently, it will provide better results. He believes that such a foam could be a lighter, cheaper replacement for Terfenol D applications like sonar, actuators and magnetomechanical sensors. Dunand also believes the foam could replace applications that require small, rapid movement, like very small motors that don't have room for normal motor components like rotors, stators, gears and shafts, possibly for biomedical applications.

The material could have even bigger applications. Dunand said it's possible that the foam could eventually be used to control slight changes in the shape of airplane wings to make them more aerodynamic based on the speed of the aircraft.

“The dream or the goal is to be able to change, ever so slightly, the aerodynamics of the flow of air to make the flight more efficient at all speeds,” he said.

Dunand and Müllner co-authored a paper on the research that was published by the journal Physical Review Letters. The researchers will continue to optimize the strains of the foams by examining both processing and foam architecture. Northwestern and Boise State have jointly filed an application for a patent.

The research of both Dunand and Müllner was sponsored by the National Science Foundation.

Magnetic nanoparticles loaded into endothelial cells show a red fluorescent glow on the struts of a steel stent. (PRNewsFoto/The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)

Scientists have used magnetic fields and tiny iron-bearing particles to drive healthy cells to targeted sites in blood vessels. The research, done in animals, may lead to a new method of delivering cells and genes to repair injured or diseased organs in people.

The study team, led by Robert J. Levy, M.D., the William J. Rashkind Chair of Pediatric Cardiology at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, loaded endothelial cells, flat cells that line the inside of blood vessels, with nanoparticles, tiny spheres nanometers in diameter. The nanoparticles contained iron oxide.

Using an external, uniform magnetic field, Levy's team directed the cells into steel stents, small metal scaffolds that had been inserted into the carotid arteries of rats. The uniform magnetic field created "magnetic gradients," local regions of high magnetic force that magnetized both the nanoparticles and the stents, thus increasing the attraction between the particles and their target.

The study appears in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, published online on Jan. 7. Dr. Levy's group from Children's Hospital collaborated with engineers from Drexel University and Duke University.

"This is a novel strategy for delivering cells to targets in the body," said Levy, who added that previous researchers have pursued other, less successful approaches to introduce endothelial cells to diseased blood vessels, in the developing medical field of cell therapy.

Levy's team created nanoparticles, approximately 290 nanometers across, made of the biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid, and impregnated with iron oxide. (A nanometer is a millionth of a millimeter; in comparison to these nanoparticles, red blood cells are ten to 100 times larger.)

The researchers loaded the nanoparticles into endothelial cells, which had been genetically modified to produce a specific color that could be detected by an imaging system while the animals were alive. After introducing stainless steel stents into rats' carotid arteries, Levy's team used magnetic fields to steer the cells into the stents.

Patients with heart disease commonly receive metal stents in partially blocked blood vessels to improve blood flow, both by widening the vessels and delivering drugs. However, many stents fail over time as smooth muscle cells accumulate excessively on their surfaces and create new blockages. One goal of cell therapy is to introduce new endothelial cells to recoat stents with a smooth surface.

Furthermore, Levy adds, while drug-releasing stents currently provide benefits in treating diseased coronary arteries, they have proved far less effective in treating peripheral vascular disease, such as that occurring in patients with diabetes. In such cases, severe problems in blood circulation may force doctors to amputate a leg. In upcoming animal studies, Levy's team will use their delivery approach to deliver magnetic nanoparticles to peripheral arteries.

Future studies, Levy added, also will use cells derived from the animal itself, to avoid potential rejection problems that may occur with unmatched cells. The current study used unmatched cells, delivering bovine cells to rat arteries, but only over a 48-hour period, too brief for rejection to occur.

The current study builds on research published earlier this year by Levy and collaborators, in which they used magnetic fields and nanoparticles to deliver DNA to arterial muscle cells in culture. That research focused on a delivery system for gene therapy, while the current study represents cell therapy. Levy suggests future applications may combine both therapies, using endothelial cells to deliver beneficial genes to damaged arteries.

The delivery system, says Levy, might also be applied to other sites where physicians implant steel stents to deliver medication, such as the esophagus, bile ducts and lungs. Another potential use might be in orthopedic procedures, in which surgeons implant steel nails to stabilize fractured bones, or use steel screws to correct spinal abnormalities. In such cases, magnetized nanoparticles might deliver bone stem cells to strengthen bony structures.

"Magnetic fields produced by ordinary MRI machines could suffice to deliver cells to targets where they could promote healing, since MRI uses uniform fields, which are key to our targeting strategy," added Levy. "This method could become a powerful medical tool."

Financial support for the study came from the National Institutes of Health, the Nanotechnology Institute, and both the William J. Rashkind Endowment and Erin's Fund of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Levy's co-authors were Ilia Fishbein, M.D., Michael Chorny, Ph.D., Ivan S. Alferiev, Ph.D., and Darryl Williams, of Children's Hospital; Boris Polyak, M.D., and Gary Friedman, Ph.D., of Drexel University; and Ben Yellen, Ph.D., of Duke University.

Scientists have discovered that the magnetic strength of magnetite, the most abundant magnetic mineral on Earth, declines drastically when put under pressure.

Researchers from the Carnegie Institution's Geophysical Laboratory, together with colleagues at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, have found that when magnetite is subjected to pressures between 120,000 and 160,000 times atmospheric pressure its magnetic strength declines by half. They discovered that the change is due to what is called electron spin pairing.

Magnetism comes from unpaired electrons in magnetic materials. The strength of a magnet is a result of the spin of unpaired electrons and how the spins of different electrons are aligned with one another. This research showed that the drop in magnetism was due to a decrease in the number of unpaired electrons.

“Magnetite is found in small quantities in certain bacteria, in brains of some birds and insects, and even in humans,” said Yang Ding, the study's lead author with the Carnegie-led High-Pressure Synergetic Consortium. “Early navigators used it to find the magnetic North Pole and birds use it for their navigation. And now it is used in nanotechnology. There is intense scientific interest in its properties. Understanding the behavior of magnetite is difficult because the strong interaction among its electrons complicates its electronic structure and magnetic properties.”

To study the mineral, the researchers developed and applied a novel technique, called X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) at the Advanced Photon Source, a high-energy synchrotron facility. The technique uses high-brilliance circularly polarized X-rays to probe the magnetic state of magnetite as a diamond anvil cell subjects a sample to many hundreds of thousands of atmospheres. The researchers combined their experimental results with theoretical calculations by collaborators* to pinpoint why the magnetic strength changes. The study, to be published in February in Physical Review Letters, reveals the electron-spin configuration in the iron sites of the mineral to be the origin of the phenomenon.

This discovery not only shows the profound effects of pressure on magnetism, it also discloses, for the first time, that pressure induced a spin pairing transition that results in changes in the electron mobility and structure.

“The discovery is important,” Ding said. “It advances our understanding of the correlation of magnetism, electron transport, and structural stability in materials with strong electron interactions, like magnetite.”

“It is not surprising to see that a new phenomenon has been trigged by pressure in the oldest magnet. Pressure can directly change electron-electron interactions by squeezing the spacing between them,” said Ho-kwang Mao, the director of the High-Pressure Synergetic Consortium and the High-Pressure Collaborative Access Team. “In the future, the integration of high pressure with novel synchrotron techniques will no doubt lead to more new discoveries.”

Collaborators are at the Kirensky Institute of Physics ( Russia). Other authors in the paper are Daniel Haskel, Sergei G. Ovchinnikov, Jonathan C. Lang, Yuan-Chieh Tseng, and Yuri S. Orlov.

This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (Basic Energy Sciences and NNSA), the National Science Foundation, the W.M. Keck Foundation and the Carnegie Institution.

Alternative energy researcher and inventor O'Keefe Natheniel Douglas has recently developed an apparatus for duplicating electrical power as it flows through a bypass circuit whereas the primary power remains unaltered and the duplicated induced energy increases the sum of the output power to become greater than the input power.

Unlike a transformer, the Duplicator is connected in a series with the load. The Duplicator harnesses the changing magnetic flux of the passing current to generate additional current into an independent circuit. Electron drift is comprised of electromotive force in random directions. The Duplicator's inductive line of force simply navigates a portion of this drift into a selected direction, thus, generating an electric current, preferably described as duplicated current. Duplication requires no energy transfer or energy depletion, therefore, there is no electrical energy lost within the main circuit.

Power Duplicator will amplify electrical energy on both small and large scale, without limitation to the number of duplications. The duplicated energy can also be connected in parallel with the passing energy - and in series with another Duplicator. The interconnection between Duplicators, series and parallel, are infinite. A relatively small electrical energy source is required to initiate the duplicating reaction. The technology will diminish and undermine the need for nuclear energy conversion plants and long-distance power plants. Because the Duplicator converts and duplicates all forms of electrical energy (alternating and direct), the technological implementations are quite versatile, thus allowing the adaptation for integration and mobility.

It is impelling to discuss in brief its ancestor - the transformer. Transformers may be used to manipulate current and voltage, a very unique trait. Electrical transformers have the potential to multiply current indefinitely within its primary circuit, and voltage indefinitely within its secondary circuit - limited only to engineering. Transformers, similar to the Duplicator, amplify power. Without this amplification, modern transformers would never exceed 45 percent efficiency. For any type of induction, the inducing power has to be twice the induced power in order to cancel opposing force of the induced and to sustain induction. Transformers held the key to power amplification, yet mutual induction retards their full potential. Power Duplicator provides the necessary modifications transformer technology lacks for efficient power amplification.

2/24 - 2/28
APEC 2008
Austin , TX

2008 Magnetics Conference

The 2008 Magnetics Conference will focus on the latest advancements in magnetic applications, technology and materials, and will be held May 15-16 in Denver, Colo.
Visit http://www.magneticsmagazine.com/mag_conf08_index.htm for more information.

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